Research on Diversification Strategies of Terminal Operators—Evidence from Polish Seaports

In response to changes taking place in the global environment, seaport terminal operators constantly search for lines of development their operations, choosing i.a. a strategy diversification or specialisation. So far, issue applying business models used by multipurpose terminals has not been sufficiently addressed literature on subject. view above, purpose this paper is identify and hierarchize motivations specify areas strategies corresponding measures taken terminals. The multi-case-study method was applied conduct research, along with research technique semi-structured in-depth interviews held representatives five that had running activity Polish seaports strategy. As result completed study, it possible implementing strategy, them. main motives selecting as among interviewed were safeguarding against seasonal sporadic cycle fluctuations, maritime trade transport. Moreover, four pursued identified: cargo diversification, contract services flow direction diversification. specified analysed detail. most important studied entities A heat map developed present dependencies between implemented operators. identified specific part indicated included technical organisational measures. proved be an effective coping effects economic slowdown disruptions ensuing from COVID-19 pandemic war Ukraine. results considerations may interest seaports, transshipment other interested implementation